1. 30-100k miles depending on how the car is driven - the throttle position sensors wear out - mild driving keeps the throttle almost in the same position wearing them out quicker.
2. 2 Bump stops in the rear - 1 on each side, to keep the suspension from bottoming out metal to metal, the front ones are installed at the top of the struts.
If you buy a new throttle it requires a download from volvo to make it work after it is installed. "Rebuilt" modules require programming also - Aftermarket companies program the throttle using your VIN number before it is shipped and installed. And re builders such as xemodex use non-contact potentiometers to prevent future failure.
Don Willson - mentioned in this thread
https://www.volvoxc.com/forums/showt...g-ETM-Failures
was instrumental in getting volvo to warranty throttle modules for 10 yrs/x miles - valid only in the US.
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